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Condition
What is vesicoureteral reflux? Vesicoureteral reflux is the abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and up to the kidney. The majority of the time this is a condition with which a child is born. It is caused by an abnormal entry of …
Treatment
A fistula is defined as an abnormal connection or passageway between two epithelial lined organs. Fistulas may be idiopathic, the result of a disease process, secondary to radiation, or may occur after a previous surgery. Fistulas may involve multiple …
Treatment
Injury to the genitalia is generally associated with major body trauma, but can also be an isolated event. Even management of superficial injuries to the penile skin and scrotum can be challenging, and reconstruction of entire organs even more so. The …